Essential Checks When Shopping for a Used 4x4 Pickup Truck or SUV

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Jul 26, 2023 | 9:00 AM

Getting hyped about your next off-roader? If you’re thinking about hitting the used market, there has never been a better time to buy a 4x4 pickup truck or SUV that can get you out into the wild.

First, though, it’s essential you know what to look for, and how to evaluate a vehicle before committing your hard-earned money. Before we dive in, let’s quickly cover some terminology so you’ll know what a seller is referring to and be better armed to find exactly what you want.

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4x4 vs. 4WD vs. AWD: What’s the difference?

The term 4x4 technically refers to the number of wheels by the number of wheels being driven. That said, it’s almost exclusively used to refer to a vehicle rather than a drive type. Typically, you’ll see the term “4x4” rather than “4-wheel drive.”

The distinction with AWD is that it typically refers to a system that can shift power between the front wheels and rear wheels depending on conditions, while 4WD systems drive all the wheels at once and are intended for heavier, off-road use (AWD systems are better suited to less demanding scenarios, like wintry road conditions). As a result, AWD vehicles are more commonly cars and crossover/CUVs, where true 4x4 is typically found on full-sized or body-on-frame trucks and SUVs.

With that in mind, what key elements should you check before you shell out for a used 4x4 pickup or SUV?

Thoroughly test the 4x4 system

It may seem obvious, but one of the primary components you’ll want to inspect is the 4x4 system. Try engaging and disengaging it multiple times and listen for any unusual sounds that could suggest a problem. Make sure the shift between modes–including 4Hi, 4Lo and all differential locking controls–are smooth and instantaneous.

Many 4x4s also include two-wheel drive (2WD) modes for use on paved roads, so be sure to check for the inclusion of these and that they’re functioning as intended. You should be able to do this while parked if you’re testing things on a paved surface—though remember to never put a vehicle in 4WD and drive it unless you’re on a loose or unpaved surface. Activating it on flat, dry planes can damage the drivetrain.

Additionally, inspect the transfer case and differentials for any leaks or damage. If the vehicle has been used for off-roading, the undercarriage and any OEM or aftermarket skid plates or cladding may show signs of impact or scraping. Also, make sure to inspect the condition of the driveshafts and U-joints, as wear and tear on these can suggest the vehicle has been driven hard.

Inspect the suspension, undercarriage and look for rust

When evaluating a used 4x4 vehicle, be sure to take a careful look at its undercarriage and any exposed metal surfaces. Check for signs of excessive rust, which could weaken the vehicle’s structural integrity, especially the frame, axles and suspension components. Some surface rust is common, and not a major issue, but deep rust or flaking is a cause for concern. Verify whether the off-road truck you’re looking at is coming from a state that sees hurricanes if you do find rust!

Evaluate its tires and wheels

The condition of a vehicle’s tires can tell a lot about its past use. Uneven wear could suggest alignment or suspension issues, indicating that the vehicle may have been used for heavy-duty work or off-roading. Look for flat spots, damaged tread blocks, and shiny patches where the tread has been worn down or heat cycles and lateral wear have degraded the rubber. Inspect the wheels for any dents, cracks, or scratches, especially if they are alloy, as this may suggest heavy off-road use and rough impacts.

Assess the truck’s body condition

Check the body and frame condition carefully for any signs of damage or repair. Look for dents, scratches and inconsistent gaps between panels. Look out for signs of paint overspray or different paint shades, which could indicate past repair work. Scratches along its doors and quarter panels from tree branches and brush (also known as “pinstriping”) can also indicate off-road use.

Check the interior for wear

Inspect the truck’s interior for excessive wear and tear, such as worn pedal pads, a shiny or loose gear lever, a sagging driver’s seat and worn seat belts. These can indicate high mileage or rough use on the trail. A vehicle’s interior should reflect its age and stated mileage; keep a lookout for reupholstered seating in particular.

Get a full mechanical inspection

Engage a trusted mechanic to conduct a prepurchase inspection. They can spot potential issues that might not be visible to the untrained eye. This should include inspecting the engine, transmission, drivetrain and electrical systems. Ask the mechanic to evaluate the bodywork and chassis too, as they may spot issues or signs of undocumented repairs you may miss.

Review maintenance records

Ideally, the vehicle should come with a set of comprehensive maintenance records. This can give you a good idea of how well the vehicle has been cared for. Regular oil changes, brake pad replacements and other routine maintenance indicate responsible ownership.

A Bumper vehicle history report can uncover potential undisclosed issues, such as previous accidents, title problems or odometer rollback. You can also search for any outstanding recalls on a 4x4 truck you’re interested in by using our vehicle recall check tool.

Have the truck’s VIN? Our VIN lookup is a great place to start!

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Understand pricing and value

Finally, make sure that you’re getting a good deal on your potential vehicle. Compare prices of similar models on our marketplace and use our vehicle comparison to understand how it stacks up against other off-roaders. Trucks of all kinds are getting more expensive, and look to be staying that way!

The most popular 4x4 vehicles in our marketplace include:

Conclusion

The 4WD truck market is thriving and a great place to look for a reliable and capable used vehicle, but as with any vehicle purchase, a little diligence up front can save you a lot of headaches (and a lot of cash) later on. Be aware of the condition of the vehicle you’re interested in purchasing, especially trucks that show signs of being frequently used in extreme off-road conditions..

Check for signs of wear, rust and undisclosed repairs, and, most importantly, have a trusted mechanic give any vehicle you’re considering a thorough once-over before you pull the trigger.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are common modifications on 4x4 trucks and SUVs, and what should I look for?

Off-road modifications can range from performance upgrades like lifted and aftermarket suspension components, larger tires and aftermarket exhaust systems, to cosmetic changes like body kits and off-road body armor. There might even be chassis pieces chopped off to improve approach or departure angles when off-roading.

While these modifications can enhance the vehicle’s off-road capabilities or aesthetics, they could also suggest heavy use. Look for modifications that could affect the vehicle’s handling, reliability and safety, and always inquire about who performed the modifications and whether there are any receipts to ensure they were done professionally. Auxiliary power sources like a marine battery or an air compressor that’s installed in the vehicle likely indicate that a given off-roader was also used for overlanding and camping.

Does a dirty engine bay indicate a problem?

Not necessarily. A dirty engine bay could simply mean the vehicle hasn’t been detailed recently or has been driven in dusty environments. Try to look out for dried mud or even water lines in an engine bay, especially near the wheel wells, as this could indicate the vehicle was used in especially muddy conditions or to frequently ford standing or moving water while off-roading.

On the other hand, an excessively clean engine bay in an older vehicle can also be a red flag, as it might be an attempt to conceal issues. If you’re unsure, it’s best to have a mechanic inspect the vehicle. In either case, the most important indicator to be aware of in the engine bay is rust, a major sign of rough use paired with improper maintenance.

How can I tell if a used 4x4 vehicle has been used for off-roading?

Look for signs such as underbody damage, heavily worn or aggressive, upsized off-road (especially mud-terrain) tires, modifications for off-road use (like lift kits or winches) and higher wear on the suspension and brakes. However, off-road use isn’t necessarily bad if the vehicle has been well-maintained and not abused. Again, rust, damage and signs that a vehicle has been improperly repaired are the major red flags to be aware of. You can also verify a truck’s original paint and specs with our license plate lookup!

Do 4x4 trucks hold their value better than their non-4WD versions?

Yes, 4x4 trucks tend to hold their value better than their non-4WD counterparts. Several factors contribute to this.

First, 4x4 trucks are designed for both on-road and off-road conditions. Their robust construction and additional capabilities often make them more appealing to a wider range of potential buyers, increasing their market value.

Second, 4x4 vehicles tend to be more durable and are often better maintained. Owners of 4x4 vehicles are typically aware of the strain off-road driving can put on a vehicle and are more likely to invest in regular maintenance and quality parts.

Third, the demand for 4x4 vehicles remains strong in many parts of the country, especially in regions with challenging weather conditions or difficult terrains. This steady demand helps to maintain their resale value.

However, it’s essential to keep in mind that several other factors also play a significant role in a vehicle’s depreciation rate, such as its make and model, mileage, condition and market trends. You can try to check the potential depreciation of a 4x4 truck or SUV using a tool like our Car Depreciation Calculator.

Remember, although 4x4 trucks and SUVs may hold their value well, they can also have higher ownership costs due to their more complex drivetrains and potentially higher fuel consumption. Also, if you do intend to use your vehicle in an off-road capacity, the importance of regular, thorough maintenance is increased if you hope to retain a high resale value. That balance between maintenance cost and resale value is a constant consideration, particularly for 4x4 vehicles.

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About Bumper

At Bumper, we are on a mission to bring vehicle history reports and ownership up to speed with modern times. A vehicle is one of the most expensive purchases you'll likely make, and you deserve to have access to the same tools and information the pros use to make the right decisions.

About Alan Bradley

Alan Bradley is an experienced tech writer and journalist, and has been covering the auto industry in a freelance capacity for more than a decade. He’s brand agnostic, owning cars from manufacturers both foreign and domestic, and currently owns an EV (a Nissan Leaf). Alan is a huge proponent of sustainability and carbon neutral manufacturing, and is a massive fan of Formula One and Formula E. He received his Bachelors of English Literature from the University of Buffalo at Amherst.